The Theory Of International Relations - 1402 Words

There are different theory of how international relations should operate, such as Liberalism, Realism, Marxism, Constructivism, the English school often called the international society, Feminism, Green theory, Hegemonic stability theory, Postmodernism and Post colonialism. This essay will be focus on realism and how relevant the realist perspective is in the 21st century international relations. Historically, Realism is the most important approach to discipline of international relations (Nicholson, 2002). The origins of realism can be traced all the way back to â€Å"Thucydides the chronicler of the Peloponnesian war† (Griffiths, O’Callaghan, and Roach, 2007). Realism is a dominant school of thought in the theory of international relations and for conceptualizing world politics, it is a highly diverse body of thought. Several past philosophers such as Plato, Niccolà ³ Machiavelli, Thomas Hobbes, Karl Marx, Joseph Stalin and Max Weber, were also regraded as realist (Griffiths, O’Callaghan, and Roach, 2007). Jà ¸rgensen (2010) hold the view that the congenializing of realism was in Europe, it emulates the 19th century European â€Å"REALPOLITIK†. Although the theory of realism was born in Europe it was adapted in the United states of America where it has become a dominant tradition. Realism is also one of the most important theory in internationa l politics, it describes the relations between states and how international politics works. Realist are unified by the believe that conflict isShow MoreRelatedInternational Relation Theory And International Relations Theory1395 Words   |  6 PagesInternational relation theories can be used to explain the meanings of the songs and articles. Through music, the international relation theories can relate to the hidden messages about the song through the language. The two theories that best explain the songs, Imagine by John Lennon and Only Prettier by Miranda Lambert are neoliberalism and constructivism. Neoliberalism is an international relations theory in which, states cooperate together to reach a common goal. There is also the belief thatRead MoreA Theory Of International Relations Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesTheory, in general has various meanings in Social Sciences, most in particular in, International Relations. That is the term â€Å"Theory† can be defined in various ways and means. Simply put, theory can be defined as a concept of explaining something. Furthermore, theory can be defined as a series of propositions about political behaviour inductively derived either from empirical studies or the comparative examination of case materials from the past (Akinboye Ottoh, 2005). It can also be defined asRead MoreThe Theory Of International Relations1535 Words   |  7 PagesWhen studying International Relations, there are various theories involved, three of these theories being: realism, liberalism, and constructivism. A theory is fundamentally ideas and complex con cepts that have their own way of understanding something. These theories are used in evaluating world politics, by coming up with a unique way of identifying and explaining the events that occur around the world (Mingst 5). The theories help explain different perspectives on how the world system functions;Read MoreThe Theory Of International Relations Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagesgroups around the world, the international orders emerged to set how states relates to each other based on the amount of power that they have and the interests they share at different moments of the history. With the evolution of societies, international orders changes because of a major clash between great powers where it is necessary a zero sum situation. To explain this, the paradigms of international relations will be the main tool. The rise of an international order is a result of the accumulationRead MoreThe Theories of International Relations2314 Words   |  10 PagesINTRODUCTION The theories of international relations are the end results of good international relations and system in the world today, most of this theories are not well implemented in most countries which has resulted on conflicts among nations, political instabilities, secessions and all other political unrest. This essay will shed more light on the phases of international relations from the individual stage to the international stage. Firstly, this essay will explain what the theories of internationalRead MoreMarxist Theories Of International Relations903 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Since the Cold War came to an end and capitalism stood victorious, it was generally accepted that the ideas of Marx could be declared irrelevant. Marx’s theories were excessively concerned with the role of economics in defining social and political relations. These were also exceedingly pessimistic in their approach, offering hardly any viable option to replace the capitalist system. The core principle of Marxism is that the world is divided not into politically determined nations butRead MoreThe Realist Theory Of International Relations1545 Words   |  7 Pagesviolence through civilians and changing the regime. However, unlike other interventions in international area, it was quick and sudden. Therefore it was obvious that other than providing good life conditions to Libyan people, there were also other purposes of the coalition states through Libya’s rich resources. Realism theory On the realist theory of International Relations, the basic assumption of this theory is that states in their foreign affairs, must pursue power, and ensure that they act rationallyRead MoreComparison of International Relations Theory1788 Words   |  8 PagesContemporary international relations is a complex field. Understanding events and attempting to make sense of them can be a daunting task. There are, however, tools available, which can assist in providing clarity to these complex issues. The first of these tools is historic knowledge. Without historic background of an issue, it is nearly impossible to understand the events driving that issue in modern times. A second tool, the one which will be the focus of this paper, is international relations theoryRead MoreThe International Relations Theory That Best2071 Words   |  9 PagesThe international relations theory that best explains Operation Provide Comfort would be the constructivist theory. However, Turkey’s inv olvement in the operation may also be explained through subaltern realism. The fact that the nations that comprised the coalition, save for Turkey, conducting Operation Provide Comfort went through the official channel of the UN shows that the intention was to act within the norms of the international community for conducting humanitarian interventions. Had theRead MoreGames Theory in International Relations2695 Words   |  11 PagesGAMES THEORY IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 1.0 INTRODUCTION The field of game theory came into being with Émile Borel s researches in his 1938 book ‘Applications aux Jeux des Hazard’, and was followed by the 1944 book ‘Theory of Games and Economic Behaviour’ by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern. This theory was developed extensively in the 1950s by many scholars. Game theory was later explicitly applied to biology in the 1970s, although similar developments go back at least as far as the

Managing A Successful Business Management - 1244 Words

There are many challenges to running a successful business. Management in a business takes careful planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the organization’s resources. A big part of having good management in a business is having exceptional managers. Managers need to be efficient and effective. To be an efficient manager you need to use your resources people, money, and raw materials. To be effective managers need to achieve results, make the right decisions, and successfully carry them out to achieve organizational goals. Managers have four main functions they carry out in the management world. Managers plan which requires setting goals, and decide how to accomplish them. They need to organize which means they arrange†¦show more content†¦Top managers are going to be the Board of Directors (BOD) and the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). Chief Executive Officers are also known as General Managers (GM). They determine the objectives, policies and plans o f the organization. They prepare long term plans and have the maximum authority and responsibility. Middle managers are the Department Heads (HOD), Branch managers, and the Junior Executives. These managers give advice to the top managers, and executes the policies and plans. They also prepare short-term plans and co-ordinate the activities of all the departments. The lower level managers also known as the first-line managers are the Foreman and the Supervisors. They direct workers, develop morale, and maintain a link between the other levels of management. As a general, there are roles all managers must do successfully. When they rely more on verbal communication than written communication. When they also work long hours at an intense pace. Also when they work by characterization by fragmentation, concise, and diverse. There are also three different types of roles managers do. Interpersonal roles are when managers interact with people inside and outside their work units . Informational roles are when managers receive and communicate information. Decisional roles are when managers use information to make decisions to solve problems or take advantage of opportunities. Besides tasks, and roles

Mark O’Connor Imagery Free Essays

Poet and Environmentalist, Mark O’Connor, expresses his admiration for the cyclical and resilient aspects of which nature is comprised. The persistence of nature depicts the ideas that nature is just as, if not more, dominant as man. His poems Turtles Hatching and To Kill An Olive explore these themes and elucidate O’Connor’s compelling perspective of nature. We will write a custom essay sample on Mark O’Connor Imagery or any similar topic only for you Order Now These two poems hold distinctively visual images that enable the reader to envisage the scene presented. Turtles Hatching’s poetic recount encapsulates the trials and tribulations of the turtles. O’Connor describes the turtles as â€Å"high revving toys†, ready for their chance at life. He elucidates the persistence of the turtles by using distinctively visual images describing how determined these turtles were at reaching their safe haven: â€Å"Scrambling in sand, scrabbling in slime, or sculling deluded through sand-pools to beaches of death†. This alliteration of the visual images highlights the desperation of the turtles on their fight for survival. O’Connor has created a distinctive image to aid readers in creating an idea of just how determined and persistent, not only the turtles were, but also just how determined the crabs were at preventing the turtles from reaching their goal. â€Å"Queued up crabs† gives readers an image of an army of crabs; so many as they wait for the turtles to come. Not only was natures tenacity evident in Turtles Hatching, O’Connor has also brought this theme to the readers attention in To Kill An Olive. O’Connor has started out To Kill An Olive, diving straight into the resilience and persistence of olives trees. He has accumulated the many things that are incompetent of killing an olive tree elucidating just how determined they are at overpowering man. â€Å"Hack one down, grub out a ton of main root for furl, and next spring every side-root sends up shoots†. O’Connor has described visually these connotations of just how in destructive these trees are, despite are the treatment it is being subject to. O’Connor has made reference to the prolonged period of time these olive trees has been persistent in overcoming mans many obstacles. â€Å" Burnt-out ribs  of siege machines† not only highlights how long these olive trees have been standing for, but also how the tree has overcome the old-timed machines and gone and lived another age. The distinctively visual images used here can encapsulate this theme and gives readers a deeper understanding of the tenacity these olive trees are willing to relinquish. O’Connor is fascinated by just how much humans underestimate nature. The smallest creatures can overcome any adversity and the dullest of trees can overpower any man. Nature, if it wants to, can be just as powerful as man. In Turtles Hatching, Mark O’Connor has done just this. How to cite Mark O’Connor Imagery, Papers

Marketing Principles A Case Study of Coles

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Principlesfor aCase Study of Coles. Answer: Introduction As explained by Deloitte (2012), the promotional mix is one P of the four Ps of marketing mix and it can be evaluated as a combination of sales promotion, advertising, personal selling, and publicity of the products and services of the organization. The following report would argumentatively analyze the two elements of promotional mix namely advertising and sales promotion for the retail store of Coles. Some suggestions for the further improvement of the strategies used for the advertising and sales promotion of Coles has been highlighted in this report. Selection of Retail Outlet: Coles Coles is an Australian supermarket that had been providing excellent services and products to its customers since April, 1914 (Coles.com.au 2017). The outstanding services to the customers and value benefits to the millions of people of Australia has made the organization to grow in its long term commitment for developing sustainable future and development for their operations. The organization has been providing quality, value and services to its customers. The company has developed and grown with the help of rise of technology and their commitment for providing best of services. Selection and Analysis of Two Promotional Mix (Advertising and Sales Promotion) The advertisement and sales promotion are two elements of the promotional mix that can be used for promoting the operations of the Coles supermarket in Australian continent (Ward 2014). These two elements have been defined below, Advertising: Advertising is the most prominent and effective promotional strategy to attract customers. The advertising consists of the strategy for reaching huge numbers of people with the help of mass communication means to promote their services and products (Muralidharan and Xue 2015). The benefits of advertisement strategies include the encouragement of mass production of goods, mass notification to all the customers and people is possible, and economical means for promoting their products and services. Figure 1: Various types of Advertisements (Source: Muralidharan and Xue 2015, pp-226) Sales Promotion: The sale promotion is helpful for providing various offers, discounts and other attractions to the customers for making them utilize the services of the organization (Santini et al. 2015). The sales promotional offer is validate only with the sale of the goods to the customers. There are several types of sales promotion strategies that are been used by the retail outlets such as coupons, gift cards, vouchers, loyalty cards, etc. The use of these types of strategies allows the organization in making customer more happy and satisfied. Figure 2: Various types of Sales promotion (Source: Santini et al. 2015, pp-188) Discussion on Selected Promotional Mix at Coles The marketing strategies of Coles include the print and media methods for advertising and year round lower prices of commodities for their operations (Nenycz-Thiel 2012). It had been helpful for making people attracted to the visit and shop at Coles. Advertising Promotional Strategy Analysis of Coles According to Deloitte (2012), the advertising promotional strategy of Coles includes the use of Print and Media technology. Coles has been using the various magazines, newspaper and banners for advertising their supermarkets. Various places of Australia have been decorated with the holdings and road side banners of Coles. The flyers of the supermarket allow advertising the supermarket to the normal passerby people (Dwivedi 2012). The newspaper and magazines also serve the purpose of advertisement of Coles. Probable Drawbacks: The influence of digital media like Television, Online Websites, and various Social Medias has made the impact of Print and Media for advertisement very low. Most of the people nowadays prefer to look online for any commodity or services. Sales Promotional Strategy Analysis of Coles The sales promotional strategy of Coles includes the implementation of low prices of products and commodities (Hattersley 2013). The lower prices of the products and commodities from the local market have been helpful for attracting more customers for buying and shopping from Coles. The organization has been providing best quality of products at the most optimized prices to its customers all the year round. Probable Drawbacks: However, in the present scenario the lower prices of products have not been helpful for making any increase in the sales of Coles (Santini et al. 2015). The competitors of Coles have been using seasonal sales and various discounts and offers for gaining competitive advantage over Coles. Recommendations The development of technology has made it evitable for using technology for the advertisement and sales promotions of Coles. Some recommendations for improving the advertisement and sales promotion of Coles have been provided below, Use of Digital Media for Advertisement Social media and Web based platform: The various social media platforms like Facebook, Pinterest, and Twitter and online ads on different websites (like Google, Yahoo, etc.) can be used for promoting the supermarket products among general people. Television and Covert advertisements: The broadcast advertising of Coles by using Televisions commercial ads would also help in improving the advertising promotions of Coles. Covert advertisement is the latest trend of advertising any product in which the ad of the product would be displayed in movie theatres before the initial credits of the movies. Providing Various Offers for Sales Promotion Offers and discounts: The various offers and discounts on products and services at Coles would also tend to attract people for shopping from the supermarket. Seasonal Sales: The festival and seasonal sales at Coles would also help in attracting more number of customers for shopping at the shop. Gift Vouchers and Loyalty cards: The inclusion of gift vouchers and loyalty cards for the regular customers would also help in diverting larger crowd of customers at Coles. Conclusion It can be concluded from the report that the use of promotional mix would help in providing increased number of customers and improved operations at Coles. The organization had been using print and media for advertisement and low price strategy for sales promotion. However, the report had shown that the use of digital media and provision of various offers and discounts would serve the purpose of improved strategies for advertisement and sales promotion. References Coles.com.au, 2017.About Coles. [online] www.coles.com.au. Available at: https://www.coles.com.au/about-coles [Accessed 17 Feb. 2017]. Deloitte, 2012. Analysis of the Grocery industry; Cole Supermarkets Australia, Sydney, Australia: Deloitte Access Economics Pty Ltd. Dwivedi, A. M. 2012. Brand, value and relationship equities and loyalty-intentions in the Australian supermarket industry..Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.,19(5), pp. 526-536. Hattersley, L. 2013. Supermarket power, own-labels, and manufacturer counter-strategies: international relations of cooperation and competition in the fruit canning industry. Agriculture and Human Values, pp. 1-9. Muralidharan, S. and Xue, F., 2015. Influence of TV endorser types on advertising attitudes and purchase intention among Indian rural women: an exploratory study.Asian Journal of Communication,25(2), pp.213-231. Nenycz-Thiel, M. 2012. Value-for-money perceptions of supermarket and private labels.. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 20(2), pp. 171-177. Santini, F.D.O., Sampaio, C.H., Perin, M.G., Espartel, L.B. and Ladeira, W.J., 2015. Moderating effects of sales promotion types.BAR-Brazilian Administration Review,12(2), pp.169-189. Ward, M., 2014. Coles focuses on everyday lower prices in new campaign. [online] Available at: https://mumbrella.com.au/coles-focuses-261305 [Accessed 17 Feb. 2017].